Which type of securities activity has the highest operational risk?

Voluntary corporate actions involve decisions made by a company that require shareholder consent or approval, such as mergers, acquisitions, or stock buybacks. This type of activity carries a higher operational risk due to the complexities involved in shareholder communication, regulatory compliance, and the potential for varied responses from shareholders.

Since these actions often require careful planning and execution, the risk of errors in processing, miscommunication, or inadequate compliance with regulations can contribute to operational failures. Companies must ensure that all stakeholders are properly informed and understand the implications of these actions, which adds layers of complexity and the potential for significant operational mishaps.

In contrast, other activities like forward and reverse stock splits or mandatory stock exchanges, usually have more standardized and regulated procedures, reducing the operational risks associated with them.