The basic elements of a sound risk-management system for fiduciary activities include all of the following except:

A sound risk-management system for fiduciary activities is essential for identifying, assessing, and managing risks effectively. One critical aspect of such a system is proactive rather than reactive oversight from the board and senior management. Proactive oversight involves anticipating potential risks and responding to them before they become issues, which helps safeguard the organization against financial and reputational loss.

In contrast, the listed components that form the foundation of a robust risk-management framework—policies, procedures, limits, risk measurement, monitoring, management information systems, and comprehensive internal controls—are all about establishing a structured approach to managing risk. These elements provide clear guidelines for behavior, facilitate the identification and quantification of risks, and ensure ongoing oversight and control of fiduciary activities.

By focusing on a proactive approach to oversight, organizations can ensure that their risk management strategies are not only in place but also effectively adapted to changing environments and emerging risks, thereby maintaining the integrity and trustworthiness that fiduciary responsibilities demand.