A borrower is considered to have defaulted on a loan if he fails to?

A borrower is considered to have defaulted on a loan if they fail to fulfill any of the obligations outlined in the lending agreement. Each of the scenarios presented reflects a critical aspect of the borrower's responsibilities.

Returning the loaned security after appropriate notice is fundamental because failure to do so means the borrower is not honoring the terms of the loan agreement, which could lead to significant financial losses for the lender. Additionally, the obligation to pay dividends or interest on loaned securities is equally important. When borrowers fail to make these payments, it undermines the financial agreement and can represent a loss of expected return for the lender.

Meeting a demand for additional collateral is another essential requirement in a margin or secured loan scenario. If the value of the secured asset declines and the lender requests more collateral to mitigate risk, the borrower's failure to comply with this demand can be seen as a breach of the loan terms.

As all these factors contribute to the overall assessment of a borrower's ability to maintain the agreement, the borrower can indeed be considered in default if they fail to meet any one of these obligations, thus making "all of the above" the correct answer.